IgG immune response to cow milk with A1A1 and A2A2 genotypes
Keywords:
beta-casein, immunoglobulin G, cow’s milkAbstract
Cow’s milk is widely consumed around the world and represents an important source of nutrients. However, its protein composition can trigger adverse reactions in certain individuals, especially those related to beta-casein. This protein has two main genetic variants: A1 and A2, which differ by a single amino acid at position 67, affecting its digestibility. The A1 variant, predominant in European and American herds, releases the beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) peptide, associated with potential inflammatory effects. In contrast, the A2 variant, more common in Asian and African breeds, does not release BCM-7 to the same extent and is more similar to human milk beta-casein. This study aims to evaluate the immune response mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) in human sera exposed to A1A1 and A2A2 milk proteins. Specific IgG quantification will be performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with purified antigens from A1 and A2 beta-casein variants. The data will be statistically analyzed to identify differences in immune response between the variants. The results are expected to contribute to a better understanding of immune sensitivity to cow’s milk, supporting dietary decisions and genetic management in dairy herds.
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